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The cuneiform Ne sign,〔Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979). ''Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian'', pp. 95-100.〕 is found in both the 14th century BC Amarna letters and the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. In the Amarna letters, it is especially used in the opening, and introductory paragraph of the clay tablet letter, when addressing the Pharaoh (King), or when sent to another individual who is part of the Pharaoh's correspondence, for the alternate syllabic usage of ''"bil"'', (used for the 'b'). In the Amarna letters, it is used as Bil (cuneiform), for the spelling of ''speaks'', or ''"says"'', in the opening statement; the Akkadian language word is "qabû", for ''to say, tell''.〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Glossary, pp. 119-145, qabû, p. 136.〕 (There is a wide range of sign usage in the 300+ Amarna letters for spelling "qabû" in the introduction, or in the texts; some of the Amarna letters are texts other than actual 'letters'.) The ne (cuneiform) sign has the following uses, besides "ne", in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'':〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 172, p. 158.〕 :bil-(=bí (bi2)) :kúm :ne :pil :ṭè :BIL (sumerogram usage) :NE The sign is a "two-part" compound sign. The center and left is the sign for ''am (cuneiform)'', and the right is the sign for ''is (cuneiform)'', , (and listed as Giš (cuneiform),〔Buccellati, Giorgio, (Ugarit-Forschungen 11, 1979), p. 98.〕 cuneiform "GIŠ" (the "is" sign) being the use for GIŠ (wood Sumerogram)). The specific usage numbers for the sign's meaning in the ''Epic of Gilgamesh'' is as follows: ''bil''-(9), ''kúm''-(5), ''ne''-(1), ''pil''-(2), ''ṭè''-(13), ''BIL''-(3), ''NE''-(1).〔Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Sign List, pp. 155-165, no. 172, p. 158.〕 In the Amarna letters, the sign is used for spelling ''qabû'' in the introduction for letters: EA 9, EA 19, EA 141, EA 144, EA 205, EA 254, EA 270, EA 271, and EA 367, as well as some others. ==References== *Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0) * Parpola, 197l. ''The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh'', Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages. *Ugarit Forschungen (Neukirchen-Vluyn). UF-11 (1979) honors Claude Schaeffer, with about 100 articles in 900 pages. pp 95, ff, "Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian", author Giorgio Buccellati, ( i.e. Ugarit and Amarna (letters), three others, Mari, OB,Royal, OB,non-Royal letters). ---- File:|Amarna letter 365 (reverse, top half), Biridiya to Pharaoh, (subject corvee labor, and townsites: Shunama, Yapu, and Nuribta). The "alphabetic" ma sign is used in the 7th line (Line 21), for URU-(city)-Šu-na-ma-ki, sixth character from left. (text reads left-to-right, with a common signature of the right side of some characters ending in vertical single, or multiple strokes). (high resolution, expandible photo) File:|Isis Temple and Cheops Pyramid, from South Rim region 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ne (cuneiform)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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